碱性过硫酸钾氧化-钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中的总磷及其不确定度的评定

经过消解前加入氢氧化钠和改用聚四氟乙烯消化管等方面的改进,碱性过硫酸钾氧化-钼酸铵分光度法的实际操作更简便,更适用于各类水样的监测。它具有较低的捡出限（O．004mg／L）,较高的精密度（RSD=1．1％）和较好的准确度（测定标样溶液相对误差1．6％,加标回收率为97．2％-102．1％）。测定IERM测量审核样的结果也较好（取得了合格证书）。不确定度的评定依照相关标准的原则进行,并使用残差来量化曲线不碹定度分量,减少了工作量。经评定,改进方法的扩展不确定度为3．2％。     

基于实例的系统聚类分析法在环境空气质量评价中的应用

基于系统聚类分析理论,介绍系统聚类最短距离法在环境空气质量评价中的应用。系统考虑影响环境空气质量的各种因素,在数据标准化处理的基础上,通过距离计算,达到对环境空气质量的系统分类,为制定区域环境综合治理措施和环境规划提供科学依据。     

生态环境影响评价中经济评价方法研究

随着中国生态环境影响评价的开展,中国正在积极推进生态经济评价预测层次上的环评,对其评价方法提出了更高的要求。当前国内外所用生态价值评价方法缺乏环境与经济相联系起来和在决策中体现生态环评结果的方法,缺乏量化评价指标体系及评价方法,没有从系统的角度考虑一个动态的、复杂系统的环境影响因素。在系统分析生态环境影响评价中经济评价方法的基础上,对吉林省三岔子林业局天然林生态系统中保持水土、涵养水源、调节气候、净化大气等生态价值进行生态环境影响经济分析、预测、评价,首先建立该区天然林生态系统服务价值评估指标体系,并结合野外调查测量及实地数据分析,初步对天然林生态系统价值进行测算;其次利用灰色系统预测分析,对2009年-2028年三岔子林业局天然林生态系统价值进行预测,最后计算出天然林生态系统带来的经济效益。     

地震信息上报的计算机快速处理方法

利用Visual Basic修改Word格式的速报地震震情模板文档,进而直接在Word窗口发送传真,界面清晰明朗,使得准确率大大提高,更值得一提的是对地震事件的反映速度提高,并可为制作动画GIF图片的手机彩信做准备。通过Visual Basic利用Excel的强大报表功能,可使得日常的报表统计工作准确、省时、方便,还可以按要求格式生成记事本文件,使得所需TXT文件正确。利用Visual Basic结合DOS命令PING实现网络通断测试状态结果的TXT文本显示,省去大量的IP地址翻本查找和手工命令操作,还可按要求定时自动检查,记录日志,并可在网络断时发出声音警报,让计算机代替人工的烦琐操作。     

Development and application of a two-dimensional water quality model for the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake

Water quality models are important tools to support the optimization of aquatic ecosystem rehabilitation programs and assess their efficiency. Basing on the flow conditions of the Daqinghe River Mouth of the Dianchi Lake, China, two-dimensional water quality model was developed in the research. The hydrodynamics module was numerically solved by the alternating direction iteration (ADI) method. The parameters of the water quality module were obtained through the in situ experiments and the lab analyses that were conducted from 2006 to 2007. The model was calibrated and verified by the observation data in 2007. Among the four modelled key variables that were water level, CODcr, NH3-N and PO4-P, the minimum value of the coefficient of determination (CoD) was 0.69, which mean the model performed reasonably well. The developed model was then applied to simulate the water quality changes at the downstream cross-section assuming that the designed restoration programs were implemented. According to the simulated results, the restoration programs could cut down the loads of CODcr and PO4-P about 15%, however, they would have very little effect on the NH3-N removal. Besides, the water quality at the outlet cross-section would be still in class V (3838-02), indicating more measures should be taken to further reduce the loads. The study demonstrated the capability of water quality models to support aquatic ecosystem restorations.     

High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using MM5-CMAQ system

High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality. This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use. This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka, Japan. The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region. High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model (GPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation. The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone. Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains, with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv. In addition, 1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable di erences in gross error as well as correlation. These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region, such as the Osaka region, which has complex terrain and land-use.     

High-resolution modeling and evaluation of ozone air quality of Osaka using an MM5-CMAQ system

High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality.This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use.This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka,Japan.The 1-km and 3-km grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region.High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model μgPV-MSM) data were used after suitable validation.The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone.Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-km grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains,with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv.In addition,1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable differences in gross error as well as correlation.These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region,such as the Osaka region,which has complex terrain and land-use.     

Biodegradability of soil water soluble organic carbon extracted from seven di erent soils

Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is considered the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WSOC extracted from 7 soils di erently managed. WSOC was extracted from soil with water (soil/water ratio of 1:2, W/V) for 30 min, and then tested for biodegradability by a liquid state respirometric test. Result obtained confirmed the finding that WSOC biodegradability depended on the both land use and management practice. These results suggested the biodegradability test as suitable method to characterize WSOC, and provided useful information to soil fertility.     

熵权多目标决策模型在水环境质量综合评价中的应用

介绍了熵和熵权的概念与性质,在此基础上结合多目标决策模型建立熵权多目标决策评价方法,并对水环境质量进行综合评价,评价结果与物元分析模型、属性识别理论方法、模糊隶属函数法进行对比,结果表明,利用熵权多目标决策评价法进行水环境质量综合评价是可行的。     

滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况评价

利用水质指数法对滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况进行了分析评价,结果显示：（1）滦河锡林郭勒段2005-2007年主要污染因子为：高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、铁、生物需氧量、锰、总磷等;（2）2005-2007年间,上都河监测断面水质状况整体呈变好趋势,但地方经济增长带来的化学需氧量异常升高不容忽视,大河口断面不同水期水质状况变化不同;（3）2005-2007年,滦河锡林郭勒段化学需氧量与溶解氧超标污染加重明显、高锰酸盐指数超标污染逐渐减轻;三年内,上游水质均优于下游水质,两个监测断面水质均为丰水期水质〈平水期水质〈枯水期水质。